As people's living standards improve, the number of people raising pets such as cats continues to increase. While pets bring people to accompany them, they will also be accompanied by some health problems.
Cat scratch disease, also known as cat scratching heat and allergic lymphocytosis, is caused by Hansebaltonin infection. It is mainly based on mammals as the natural host. Most of them are transmitted between animals and between animals and humans through blood-sucking arthropods, especially kittens under 1 year old, which can cause a variety of zoonotic infectious diseases.
This bacteria usually exist in the oropharynx of cats, and is mainly caused by scratching, biting or close contact with people by cats and other livestock. It is more likely to occur in warm and humid seasons.
Typical symptoms
1. Skin lesions: One to several erythema papules appear in the injured area, the pain is not obvious, a few can be transformed into chickenpox or pustules, and sometimes small ulcers form, usually within 3 to 7 days
2. Lymph node swollen The lymph nodes in the drainage area are swollen, which are common in the neck, armpits or groin. There may be light tenderness, and
3. Systemic symptoms Low fever, headache, chills, fatigue, anorexia, nausea or vomiting; people with low immunity may experience extra-node metastasis, causing systemic lesions, and may experience thrombocytopenic purpura, endocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis or cerebral arteritis, osteomyelitis, if you are accidentally injured by a cat, wash the wound with soapy water and running water at least 15 minutes as soon as possible, and then disinfect with iodine; if there are symptoms of suspected cat scratching, such as lymph node enlargement, you should seek medical treatment in time.
Most patients with normal immune function and mild condition are self-limiting, and generally heal within 2 to 4 months without treatment; for severe cases with severe symptoms, combined with low immune function or immunodeficiency, and involve different tissues or organs, standardized antibacterial treatment should be adopted in a timely manner.
1. Symptomatic treatment
For example, using antipyretic analgesics to relieve fever and pain
2. Antibacterial treatment
(1) Patients with major lymph nodes are recommended to choose azithromycin first, 500 mg orally in adults, then 250 mg/d, 4d; 10 mg/kg orally in children, then 5 mg/kg/d, 4d
(2 ) Asymptomatic bacteremia, doxycycline 100mg or intravenous bid, 4w, combined with gentamicin 1mg/kg, qd, 2w
(3) endocarditis, doxycycline 100mg intravenous bid, 6w, combined with gentamicin 1mg/kg, q8h, 14d; if gentamicin has a toxic reaction, rifampin 300 can be used mg intravenous or oral bid, 14d replacement
(4) bacillary hemangioma disease, erythromycin 500mg, qid, azithromycin 500mg or oral QD or doxycycline 100mg oral bid, for more than 3 months; if central nervous system is involved, doxycycline 100mg intravenous or oral bid, combined with rifampin 300mg oral bid
(5) For AID S patients, regardless of the count of CD4 cells, stop treatment after 3 to 4 months. If there is no recurrence, no inhibitory treatment is required. If there is no recurrence, doxycycline, azithromycin or erythromycin will be used for 3 months. The treatment will be stopped only when CD4 cells reach more than 6 months. Preventive measures: 2}
Take meow to have a physical examination regularly to remove fleas from your body in a timely manner.
Avoid playing or intimate contact with wild cats or kittens with unknown health status to prevent scratches or bites.
Do meow clean and cut your nails regularly, and you can also wear gloves or long-sleeved clothing to prevent accidental injuries when petting a cat.
Warm reminder that cats need to be vaccinated with rabies. Although cats are not high-risk animals for rabies, it is still recommended to get rabies vaccination unless the possibility of rabies in cats can be ruled out. If it is just a minor epidermal abrasion, you generally do not need to be vaccinated; if it is a deep scratch or a cat's saliva touches the wound, it may be contagious of rabies and needs to be vaccinated.
Summary
Although the symptoms of cat scratch disease may be mistaken for ordinary skin problems, it is actually caused by bacterial infection. Therefore, once suspected symptoms appear, you should seek medical treatment in time to avoid infecting others or causing infection by yourself.